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1886 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1886 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the early summer and the first half of fall in 1886. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. It was a very active year, with ten hurricanes, seven of which struck the United States. Four hurricanes became major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are known, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1886 cyclones, Hurricane Seven and Tropical Storm Eleven were first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz. They also proposed large alterations to the known tracks of several other 1886 storms.〔Partagas, J.F. and H.F. Diaz, 1996a "A reconstruction of historical Tropical Cyclone frequency in the Atlantic from documentary and other historical sources Part III: 1881-1890" Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO〕
==Season summary==
The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT)〔 recognizes twelve tropical cyclones for 1886 in the Atlantic basin; two were tropical storms and ten were hurricanes. The most notable hurricane of the 1886 Atlantic season was Hurricane Five or the 1886 Indianola Hurricane which led to the abandonment of that town.
The 1886 Atlantic hurricane season began with three U.S. landfalling hurricanes in June. Of the four years that have had three June tropical storms (1968, 1936, 1909 and this), 1886 was the only season to have three June hurricanes. The first of these was Hurricane One that formed in the Gulf of Mexico on June 13 and made landfall in Louisiana the next day. It brought a storm surge and flooding to parts of both the Texas and Louisiana coast. A week later, Hurricane Two also made a landfall along the US Gulf Coast, at St Marks Florida.
At the end of June, a second Category 1 hurricane hit the Florida coast. Before its Florida landfall, at Apalachicola, Hurricane Three had caused fatalities in Jamaica and some damage in Cuba. Moving north from Florida it brought flooding to Virginia. In mid-July Hurricane Four brought heavy rain to both Cuba and Florida before moving into the Atlantic. Hurricane Five struck Hispaniola as a Category 1 hurricane on August 15, then Cuba as a Category 2 storm on August 16 after which it strengthened still further to Category 4 intensity while crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It impacted the Texas coast at that strength on August 20 with fatal results for the town of Indianola and other settlements. Five days after Hurricane Five hit Cuba, Hurricane Six struck the centre of the island. The hurricane originated east of Barbados on August 15 and had already caused some damage at Curacao and, possibly some fatalities at Saint Vincent and on Jamaica. The hurricane also struck the Bahamas before dissipating off Newfoundland. Hurricane Seven was a strong Category 3 hurricane that was active in the Western Atlantic between August 20 and 25th, and which struck several vessels in the Georges Bank and Grand Banks areas. Five weeks after being struck by Hurricane Five the Texas town of Indianola was again flooded when Hurricane Eight hit the Texas coast between Brownsville and Corpus Christi on September 23. The town was abandoned shortly afterwards. Hurricane Nine was a Category 2 hurricane active in the Western Atlantic between September 22 and 30th, that never made a landfall. Hurricane Ten did make a landfall on the Gulf Coast at the border of Texas and Louisiana. It wrecked the town of Sabine Pass, Texas, flooded parts of both New Orleans and Port Eads and destroyed the settlement at Johnson Bayou. After ten hurricanes, the 1886 season ended with two tropical storms. Tropical Storm Eleven was active in the Atlantic between October 10 and 15th. Tropical Storm Twelve formed in the Caribbean Sea, south of Haiti on October 22. It crossed Haiti the same day and dissipated in the Atlantic on October 26.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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